Fountains Square: The Pulsating Heart of Baku, Azerbaijan
Fountains Square, locally known as “Fəvvarələr Meydanı” and fondly remembered by older generations as “Parapet”, is the cultural, social, and commercial heartbeat of Baku, Azerbaijan.
This iconic city square, adorned with dozens of artistic fountains, is much more than a beautiful gathering place—it’s a dynamic symbol of Baku’s evolution, offering a captivating blend of historical depth, European sophistication, and modern urban charm.
A Historical Gem: From “Parapet” to Fountains Square
The history of Fountain Square stretches back to 1868, when Baku’s urban plan reserved the area for military drills and parades, earning it the early nickname “Parapet.” In the pre-Soviet era, this open expanse was a strategic connector between Icherisheher (Old City) and the city’s expanding suburbs.
Initially barren due to Baku’s 19th-century water shortage, it was often called the “Dry Garden” or “Fruitless Garden.” This changed dramatically in 1899, when visionary oil baron Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev financed the groundbreaking Shollar Water Pipeline. Stretching over 180 kilometers, it brought clean water to Baku and enabled the city’s transformation into a green, livable metropolis.
Despite several unrealized plans by Imperial authorities to build an Orthodox church or monument to Alexander II, the area officially evolved into a park after the 1916 completion of the Shollar system.
Soviet-Era Development and Modern Revitalization
So, in the 1950s, renowned architect I. Tikhomirov redesigned the square, merging it with Nizami Square and adding lush landscaping. A major upgrade in 1984 introduced decorative fountains that eventually gave the plaza its modern name.
The most significant transformation came in 2010, when a comprehensive renovation added elegant paving, restored historic facades, removed kiosks, and introduced the now-famous bronze sculptures such as “Girl on a Bench” and “Girl with an Umbrella.” Red curved lanterns were added, casting a warm, distinctive glow in the evenings.
The Fountains of Baku: A Visual and Auditory Delight
The defining feature of Fountains Square is, naturally, its many fountains. Meanwhile, these aren’t just water features; they are art installations, ranging from large, tiered displays to whimsical, interactive water jets.
At night, colorful lights illuminate the fountains, creating a magical atmosphere that captivates photographers, tourists, and locals alike. One particularly striking fountain features silver spheres that mirror the surroundings, offering a surreal, fish-eye view of the square’s lush greenery and historic buildings.
The soft murmur of water contrasts gently with the buzz of activity, providing a serene ambiance amid Baku’s vibrant city life.
Things to Do in Fountains Square, Baku
1. Shopping and Dining
Surrounded by boutiques, designer stores, and local artisan shops, Fountains Square is a shopper’s paradise. It connects seamlessly to Nizami Street (locally called “Torgovaya”), Baku’s premier pedestrian shopping avenue, offering everything from high-end fashion to traditional Azerbaijani souvenirs.
Food lovers will find endless culinary options. Also, sidewalk cafes and fine-dining restaurants serve Azerbaijani cuisine, Turkish and Middle Eastern dishes, and global fare. Don’t miss out on trying local street food like kebabs or traditional Azerbaijani tea.
2. Arts, Culture, and Museums
Steps away from the square is the stunning National Museum of Azerbaijani Literature, named after the 12th-century poet Nizami Ganjavi. Its ornate façade is especially impressive at night.
In addition, the square frequently hosts live concerts, festivals, public celebrations, and street performances, making it a year-round destination for cultural events in Baku.
3. Relaxation and People-Watching
Benches, gardens, and shaded areas make Fountains Square an ideal spot for relaxation. Whether sipping coffee or simply watching the world go by, visitors can enjoy the lively yet peaceful atmosphere of central Baku.
4. Sculptures and Architecture
Beyond fountains, visitors can explore the urban sculptures that add artistic character to the square. Architectural styles range from Soviet-era grandeur to restored 19th-century facades, reflecting Baku’s unique architectural heritage.
Central Location and Accessibility
Fountains Square sits at the heart of Baku, intersecting major roads such as Istiglaliyyat Street and connecting with Nizami Street, making it easily reachable from any part of the city. It serves as a starting point for exploring nearby attractions:
Icherisheher (Old City) – a UNESCO World Heritage site with ancient mosques, the Maiden Tower, and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs.
Baku Boulevard – a scenic promenade along the Caspian Sea with parks, cafes, and recreation.
Philharmony Garden – a tranquil green space near the Philharmonic Hall.
Museums – including the Azerbaijan State Museum of Art and the Museum of Miniature Books.
Flame Towers – the city’s modern architectural icons, visible from the square, are especially mesmerizing at night.
Fountains Square and the Future of Urban Baku
Fountains Square’s influence is expanding with the development of Baku White City, a massive urban renewal project transforming former industrial zones into eco-friendly neighborhoods. This project includes a new Fountain Square, envisioned to be even grander and linked by the Bridge of Time, a pedestrian overpass that further enhances walkability.
The creation of a second major Fountains Square underlines the original’s symbolic role as Baku’s template for vibrant, people-centered public space.
Conclusion: Why Visit Fountains Square in Baku?
Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a long-time local, Fountains Square is a must-see destination in Baku. Also, it encapsulates everything that makes the city unique—its rich history, vibrant culture, welcoming atmosphere, and rapid modernization.
However, from morning coffee to evening strolls, shopping adventures to cultural explorations, Fountains Square offers a truly immersive experience that reflects the soul of Baku. It’s not just a square—it’s the city’s living, breathing heart.
